Medications For Hypertension And Their Side Effects
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Hypertension or High Blood Pressure is a condition when the blood starts flowing in the vessels with a pressure higher than normal. This could either be due to an increased flow or a constriction in the vessels itself. Thus hypertension medications are required in both these cases to bring the pressure back to normal.
The most common medication for hypertension can be any or all of the following: diuretics, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors and ARBs.
Diuretics are also known as water pills. They increase the kidney's salt and water excretion. This reduces the fluid content in the bloodstream, thereby, decreasing the pressure of the blood. The commonly used diuretics are hydrochlorothiazide, acetazolamine, furosemide, indapamide, metolazone, spirnolactone, torsemide and triamterene. The side effects are an increased frequency in urination and a potassium deficiency.
The beta blockers decrease the heart's contraction force. This decreases the pressure of the blood flow in the vessels. The commonly used beta blockers are atenolol, bisoprolol, carvedilol, metoprolol and timolol. The side effects here is an excessive decrease in heart beat rate due to prolonged usage of the drug. The calcium channel blockers either reduce the force of the heartbeats or they dilate the arteries, thereby, reducing the blood pressure. Diltiazem, verapamil, amlodipine, felodipine, idradipine, nicardipine, nisoldipine and norvasc are some of the common medicines in this category. This class of medication may result in serious side effects including constipation, heart failure, headache and edema in the ankles and feet. Both the ACE inhibitors and the ARBs dilate the arteries which reduces the blood pressure. The ACE inhibitors are particularly beneficial for those suffering from heart diseases. Benazepril, captopril, enalapril, fosinopril, lisinopril, quinapril, ramipril and tradolapril are the common ACE inhibitors. The ARBs include candesartan, irbesartin, losartin, telmisartin and valsartan, which act similarly like the ACE inhibitors. They may cause occasional swelling of the lips, etc. Some Central Acting Agents are also used for treating hypertension. These are certain blood pressure drugs that stop the nervous system from sending over signals to narrow the blood vessels and speed the heart rate. Similarly, the Direct Vasodilators are another group of medicines, which prevent the tightening of the muscles in the walls of the arteries. Besides these options, there are a few naturopathic options also available, which can be tried out. However, this must be done in due consultation with a certified professional only. Herbal medicines such as Coleus Forskohlii, Hawthorne, Mistletoe and Rauwolfia either don't have, or have only minimal side-effects. Hypertension medications are, therefore, option open for those suffering from severe hypertension to bring back their life to normalcy.
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